History, types, and uses wet pipe, dry pipe, preaction, and deluge fire sprinkler systems each defend against fires in slightly different ways fire sprinkler systems do an excellent job of containing fires and saving lives. For facility managers to properly maintain their fire sprinkler system, they must understand the type of fire sprinkler and the kind of sprinkler head that protects their facility. Multicycle sprinkler systems are fm approved automatic sprinklers and hydraulic. Wet systems are the most common and reliable types of sprinkler systems. Ultimately the components of the sprinkler system must be matched to irriga te efficiently and eco nomically. A common misconception is that a wet sprinkler is the only type of sprinkler system out there.
Addressed in more detail are fire alarm control units, detection and alarm system components, types of signals, alarminitiating devices, and notification appliances. The system can only be activated by a combination of events i. Designing for a sprinkler system so you need a truss package that will carry a sprinkler system and you need help designing the trusses. Simply put, a wet pipe sprinkler systemis a piping system containing water so arranged that water discharges immediately from sprinklers activated by heat from a fire. Although effective fire sprinkler systems are crucial to public safety, for years, the designers of those systems had few published resources to reference and guide them through their design processes. Wet pipe sprinkler system october 15, 2008 page 3 i. Residential sprinkler system design guide 5 sprinkler system capacity working pressure psi 25 30 35 45 50 55 note. Sprinkler irrigation systems generally consist of a pump used to lift and pressurize. Supplement 4 is a reprint of chapter 10 in the fourth edition of nfpas book, automatic sprinkler and standpipe systems.
Types of agricultural water use other uses of water. Irrigation is the artificial application of water to the soil through various systems of tubes, pumps, and sprays. Types of fire sprinkler systems and their applications. A triangular pattern of sprinkler placement has proved to be the most. The difference between various types of fire sprinklers like all fire protection systems, the types of fire sprinkler systems vary based on a facilitys needs. Working pressure will be used when choosing sprinkler heads and designing the system. Regardless of which chord the fire sprinkler system attachment will be on, the building designer must notify the truss manufacturer, who will make special provisions for attachments and loads. There are three types of wet pipe fire sprinkler systems. These systems are installed in premises where there is no possibility of pipes freezing. For the purpose of this article, sprinkler systems shall be classified as.
Below are actual examples of our fire sprinkler drawings. Each inground sprinkler system is comprised of the main line which leads to different branches. Residential sprinkler system design guide residential sprinkler system design guide 5 sprinkler system capacity working bar pressure kpa 1. There are two different styles of irrigation systems you can use. The videos below will take you through the basics of automatic irrigation including how an irrigation system works, the different types of sprinklers and components used in a system, and some key terms and. The first edition of this book changed all that, and now the design and layout of fire sprinkler systems. General classification of different types of sprinkler systems. The pipes are normally filled with compressed air and water is only allowed to fill the pipes when the smokeheat detection system is activated. The requirements contained in nfpa 25 are based on the type of sprinkler system installed. Layout detail and calculation of fire sprinkler systems. They really are not that complicated, but its a good idea to know what a sprinkler system consists of, how it works and the various types that can be used in buildings. This material provides a historical perspective of the development of residential sprinklers and standards.
They are used in heated buildings, where there is no possibility of the water freezing ie where the ambient temperature remains above 5oc. Sprinkler loads on trusses structural building components. Search our catalog, spare sparts, applications, topics and find out how to locate your nearest distributor today. Working pressure is the approximate working pressure at the head, and should be used only as a guide when choosing. This is because no equipment other than the sprinkler heads are required to operate. Next, locate your system s static pressure and move down that column and. The volume of extinguishing water used in sprinkler systems is optimized. At the end of each branch is a sprinkler head, which is a specialized piece of machinery designed to spray water over a designated area. A wet pipe system has water in the pipes in the ambient or normal condition and has heat responsive elements on all sprinklers.
The information in this article will show you how to design the trusses and is applicable to both floor and roof systems and should be considered as a guide. Unless the head is one of the onoff types that reset when the. Pendents, uprights, sidewalls, and concealed slight differences between pendent, upright, sidewall, and concealed sprinklers have a big impact on life safety installing new fire sprinklers or replacing old ones can be a difficult process. Some buildings contain both types of systems a wet pipe system in heated ar eas and a dry pipe system in unheated areas e. The standard can be ordered from nfpa at 18003443555 or.
Preaction systems are designed primarily to counteract the operational delay of a conventional dry pipe system, and to eliminate the danger of water damage resulting from accidental damage to automatic sprinklers or piping. Water pumps are put in place to keep water pressure at a certain psi. It is set up in an easy tofollow format with illustrations and helpful charts. There are three basic types of sprinklers for residential use. Service lines are based on 30 m of thickwalled pvc. This makes these types of fire sprinkler systems ideal for applications such as museums, server rooms, libraries, and data farms. A beginners guide a fire sprinkler system is a simple, but key, active component of a domestic or commercial buildings fire protection system. Wet systems use automatic sprinkler heads attached to piping containing water and connected to a. The difference between various types of fire sprinklers. The system pipework is charged with water under pressure at all times. Water is in branch lines and at the sprinkler heads at all times. Sprinkled mezzanines in 2 story buildings, other than h and i use, having two or more means of egress are not required to exit into the area of the mezzanine 505.
Sprinkler irrigation introduction advantages of sprinkler. Lack of design knowhow can also cost the system owner more money because the designer may overdesign the system to avoid unknown factors. For example, sprinkler irrigation systems installed in many strawberry production fields can work for both irrigation and frost protection. This sprinkler system is designed without the heat sensing elements that are contained in both wet and dry pipe systems. You will get a thicker, greener lawn and more beautiful gardens, as you save time and water. Deluge fire sprinkler system high hazard facilities utilize deluge fire sprinkler systems since the open style sprinkler heads can discharge water quickly. Automatic wet pipe sprinkler systems are those systems in which all pipes and sprinkler heads are at all times filled with water or other approved liquids. The fire sprinkler system can be supported from either the top chord or the bottom chord of the truss. Poor hydraulic design results in poor performance of the irrigation system, leading to stressed landscaping material, or even broken pipes and flood damage.
Irrigation is usually used in areas where rainfall is irregular or dry times or drought is expected. In preaction systems, the water supply valve is actuated independently of the opening of sprinkler. Revised to reflect the challenges of fire protection in todays. When a sprinkler head is activated by the heat from a fire water flows immediately on to the seat of the fire. There is no delay in time that water is put on the fire. System description wet systems are the simplest and most common type of sprinkler system installation, with relatively few components figures 1 and 2. The natural choice for the environment the high water solubility of smoke and fire gases in the fine water spray reduces harmful emissions. There are many types of irrigation systems, in which water is supplied to the entire field uniformly. There are various types of fire sprinklers and below are descriptions of these so you know. Main information file types of sprinkler systems november 2008 issue 1 bif no 15 bafsa sealed sprinkler heads can be any response rating.
Standard for the installation of sprinkler systems, installation of sprinkler systems. Installed in ceilings or side walls, the system consists of a water supply, a water distribution piping system and sprinkler heads. This type of system is often installed in commercial properties such as libraries, museums and data centres where if there is an accidental discharge it can lead to significant losses. All about automatic sprinkler systems want to know more about how automatic sprinkler systems work. Sprinkler system types wet wet type systems are the most common type of sprinkler system that is installed.